Everything about Dyfnwal Iii Of Strathclyde totally explained
Dyfnwal III (Gaelic:
Domnall mac Eógain, English: "Donald") was ruler of the
Kingdom of Strathclyde (died
975) for some period in the mid
tenth century, and the son of one of his predecessors as King,
Eógan I of Strathclyde.
Dyfnwal is almost certainly the king visited by the continental Gaelic saint
Cathróe of Metz. The
vita of the latter saint states that Cathróe was Dyfnwal's relative. The visit must have happened between
941 and
946, meaning that Dyfnwal may have been reigning as early as 941. This fact presents historiographical problems, because the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states that in
945 king
Eadmund of England "harried all Cumbria and leased it to Máel Coluim, king of Scots, on the condition that he be his helper both on land and sea". The only possibilities are that, firstly, one source is wrong; secondly, that Strathclyde was a divided kingdom; thirdly, that
Malcolm I of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Domnaill) gave the kingdom to Dyfnwal as soon as he received it, with Cathróe visiting the following year; or that
Malcolm II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) simply became the overlord of Dyfnwal. It is perhaps worthy of note that Edmund I's campaign in Cumbria is associated with the downfall of
Dunmail, said to be the "last king of Cumbria".
He is styled
Domnall m. Eogain, ri Bretan (
king of the Britons) in the
Annals of Ulster, which notes his death in 975 on pilgrimage. The Welsh source known as the
Brut y Tywysogion, which calls him
Dunguallon, confirms that Dyfnwal did indeed set off on pilgrimage to
Rome. Dyfnwal must have left on pilgrimage a good time before his death, because
Florence of Worcester tells us that in
973 the king of the Cumbrians was
Máel Coluim I of Strathclyde; moreover, other Scottish sources name the Strathclyde general, possibly king, who killed the Scottish king
Cuilén and his brother in
971 as
Amdarch, suggesting the possibility that Dyfnwal may have resigned the kingship sometime before 971.
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